Introduction

Psychologists apply clinical methods and practices to promote the health and well-being of people. They study mental processes and actions of people to gather empirical evidence that helps them to understand, explain and predict human behavior. To do so, psychologists formulate hypotheses that they assess through observations and experimentation. Through coursework that strengthens their critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, psychology degrees provide individuals training rooted in theory, practice and research, which equips them with the essential skills needed to work with diverse populations.

Degree Requirements

A doctorate in psychology, which may be either a PhD or a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), typically requires about five years of full-time studies as well as a dissertation or a combination of examinations and practical work. In addition, they will need to meet the licensing requirements of the state in which they live in they intend to provide patient care. A master’s degree in psychology requires approximately two years of full-time schooling, experiential learning and an advisor-approved research project.

Admission to graduate psychology schools may require the submission of Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, a transcript from an accredited institution and a resume that details relevant work experience. Examples of professions in which individuals may have worked include school guidance counselor, social worker and therapist. An undergraduate degree in the field or at least some coursework in the discipline coupled with additional studies in the natural and social sciences may also be required for entry. Other than psychology, bachelor degrees may also have been earned in, for example, education, sociology or health services.

Education

Individuals who pursue psychology education engage in theoretical textbook studies coupled with real-world training experiences that develop and strengthen their cultural fluency and broaden their worldview. The skills and knowledge that students acquire when studying for psychology degrees prepare them to help others manage everyday issues in both their personal and professional lives. They develop a deeper understanding of cognition, emotion, decision making and personality development.

Courses

Coursework for psychology degrees integrates conceptual and experiential instruction, allowing students to strengthen their observational and analytical skills. Studies prepare them to enter the profession with the therapeutic, diagnostic and evaluative abilities essential to work with diverse groups.

Students who pursue online degrees in criminology may enroll in classes such as:

• Human Motivation
  Students study the psychological, physiological and social issues of motivation through a review of historical and contemporary theories and viewpoints. In addition to a focus on diversity, this class examines theories of motivation relative to personal, professional and social issues.
• Lifespan Development
  Psychology students learn about human development through childhood, adolescent and adulthood phases, as well as study aging experiences. Physical, emotional, social and cognitive issues are discussed, as are attachment theory and brain research.
• Psychology of Personality
  This course provides an overview of the major theories of personality and personality assessment approaches. Major topics discussed include the psychoanalytic, humanistic, social-cognitive and behaviorist aspects of personality, as well as individual, gender and cultural differences that influence development.
• Dynamics of Contemporary, International and Virtual Organizations
  The changing nature of organizations is examined within a global context. Students are encouraged to think about how the skills and knowledge acquired across all of their coursework can be practically applied within various types of organizations such as non-profit, government, corporate, international and virtual entities.
• Cognitive Psychology
  This class considers how information is acquired, explores concepts of memory and addresses elements of creativity, judgment and reasoning. It also reviews individual and cultural differences.

Careers

Through coursework that refines their research, critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, students who earn psychology degrees are prepared to transition into careers such as counseling, research, teaching and human resources that require such expertise. Graduates are equipped to effectively practice on behalf of individuals and families as well as organizations and businesses.

Individuals who want to practice as independent psychologist must possess a doctoral degree. This psychology degree permits them to enter teaching and research careers as well as clinical and counseling positions. A master’s degree in psychology qualifies individuals to pursue careers as industrial-organizational psychologists and assistants to doctoral-level psychologists.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports occupational choices and relevant national earnings data for professionals in the field. For example:

• Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologist
  These professionals treat mental disorders, learning disabilities and cognitive, behavioral and emotional problems using individual, child, family and group therapies. The average annual income for these specialists is $72,310.
• General Psychologist
  Psychologists diagnose and treat conditions such as substance abuse, learning disabilities and detrimental behaviors. On average, these practitioners earn $84,200 a year.
• Industrial-Organizational Psychologist
  Individuals in this occupation address personnel, administration, management and marketing challenges. Their responsibilities may include developing policies, training employees and analyzing organizational operations to ensure efficiency and productivity. The annual median income for industrial-organizational psychologists is $102,570.
• College/University Professor
  Psychology graduates may opt to pursue a career in the academy in a role that includes both course instruction and research. On average, professors of psychology earn $72,140 annually.